Avoid itchy eyes during hayfever season

Hayfever is one of the most common causes of itchy, red and watery eyes in the UK. When pollen counts rise, the immune system overreacts and releases histamine, causing irritation on the surface of the eyes. The symptoms can be miserable, but they are usually manageable with the right combination of self-care, drops and, when needed, specialist treatment.

Why hayfever affects the eyes

The eyes are exposed to the air, so pollen lands directly on the tear film and conjunctiva — the clear covering over the white of the eye. In people with hayfever, the immune system sees pollen as a threat and releases chemicals that make the eyes itch, water and swell. This is called allergic conjunctivitis. It often comes with a runny nose, sneezing and an itchy throat, but the eyes can be affected even when other symptoms are mild.

Symptoms to watch for

The most common eye symptoms of hayfever are itching, redness, watering, burning and a gritty feeling. Some people also notice swelling of the eyelids or a stringy discharge. These symptoms tend to flare up on high-pollen days, during sunny and windy weather, or after being outdoors in grassy or wooded areas. If symptoms are only in one eye, start very suddenly, or cause significant pain or blurred vision, see an eye specialist to rule out other causes.

Reduce your pollen exposure

Simple changes can make a big difference. Check the pollen forecast and try to stay indoors when counts are high, especially mid-morning and early evening when pollen is usually at its peak. Keep windows closed at home and in the car, and use a pollen filter if possible. Wear wraparound sunglasses outdoors to reduce pollen reaching the eyes. Shower, wash your hair and change your clothes after being outside to remove pollen. Avoid drying laundry outside on high-pollen days.

Over-the-counter drops and treatments

Lubricating eye drops can wash pollen from the eye surface and soothe irritation. Antihistamine eye drops are available from pharmacies and can relieve itching quickly. Mast-cell stabiliser drops, which prevent histamine release, are useful for people who get symptoms regularly throughout the season. Some drops combine both effects. Oral antihistamines can help with sneezing and a runny nose, but they may not be enough for severe eye symptoms on their own. Ask a pharmacist or optometrist which option is most suitable for you.

Prescription treatments for severe symptoms

If pharmacy treatments are not enough, a specialist may prescribe stronger antihistamine drops, steroid drops for short-term flare-ups, or other anti-inflammatory treatments. These should be used under supervision, as long-term steroid eye drops can raise eye pressure and increase the risk of cataracts. For people with persistent allergic eye disease, other targeted therapies may be considered.

Tips for contact lens wearers

Contact lenses can trap pollen and make hayfever symptoms worse. Many people find it more comfortable to switch to glasses during the worst weeks of the season. If you prefer to keep wearing lenses, use daily disposable lenses to reduce allergen build-up, and consider preservative-free lubricating drops. Avoid wearing lenses if your eyes are red, painful or very irritated, and never wear them while using medicated eye drops unless your practitioner has said it is safe.

When to seek specialist advice

Most hayfever-related eye symptoms are annoying but harmless. You should book an eye examination if you have significant pain, blurred vision, light sensitivity, thick discharge, symptoms in only one eye, or if standard treatments are not helping. These could suggest a different condition such as dry eye, blepharitis, or an infection, which may need different treatment.

Next steps

If hayfever makes your eyes uncomfortable every year, start your prevention routine early. Stock up on lubricating drops and an antihistamine option before the pollen season peaks, and make the small lifestyle changes that reduce exposure. If your symptoms are severe or persistent, arrange a consultation to discuss prescription options and a personalised plan for keeping your eyes comfortable.